![]() andrei (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae): evidence of self-insemination: The 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology "Uniparental reproduction of Eisenia fetida and E. ^ Domínguez, Jorge Velando, Alberto Aira, Manuel Monroy, Fernando ()."Phylogenetic species delimitation of the earthworms Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) and Eisenia andrei Bouché, 1972 (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences". ^ Pérez-Losada, Marcos Eiroa, Julio Mato, Salustiano Domínguez, Jorge (August 2005)."Asymmetrical hybridization and gene flow between Eisenia andrei and E. ^ Plytycz, Barbara Bigaj, Janusz Panz, Tomasz Grzmil, Paweł ().Natural products structural diversity-I, secondary metabolites : organization and biosynthesis. ^ Townsend, Craig Ebizuka, Yutaka, eds.^ "LOBWORMS, REDWORMS AND DENDROBAENA WORMS"."Simultaneous Carbon and Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater using High Rate Vermifilter". ^ Dey Chowdhury, Sanket Bhunia, Puspendu ()."Vermicomposting of industrially produced woodchips and sewage sludge utilizing Eisenia fetida". "Vermicomposting of coffee pulp using the earthworm Eisenia fetida: Effects on C and N contents and the availability of nutrients". "Chemical changes during vermicomposting ( Eisenia fetida) of sheep manure mixed with cotton industrial wastes". "Dissection of the mechanisms of cytolytic and antibacterial activity of lysenin, a defence protein of the annelid Eisenia fetida". ^ Bruhn, Heike Winkelmann, Julia Andersen, Christian Andrä, Jörg Leippe, Matthias ().^ "Catalogue of Life : Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)".Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. This is presumably an antipredator adaptation. When roughly handled, a redworm exudes a pungent liquid, thus the specific name fetida meaning " foul-smelling". Moreover, red worm is widely used in fishing, being one of the most ideal baits for tench, bream and roach. Tiger worms are also being tested for use in a flushless toilet, currently being trialled in India, Uganda and Myanmar. Vermicomposting septic systems have been used for decades and allow for decentralized on-site processing of blackwater using Eisenia fetida. Uses Įisenia fetida are used for vermicomposting of both domestic and industrial organic waste. (Lysenin is also toxic to organisms lacking sphingomyelin in their cell walls, including Bacillus megaterium, though the pathway is not understood). ![]() It is best at targeting foreign cells whose membranes contain significant amounts of sphingomyelin. They have groups of bristles (called setae) on each segment that move in and out to grip nearby surfaces as the worms stretch and contract their muscles to push themselves forward or backward.Įisenia fetida worms are native to Europe, but have been introduced (both intentionally and unintentionally) to every other continent except Antarctica.Įisenia fetida also possess a unique natural defense system in their coelomic fluid: cells called coelomocytes secrete a protein called lysenin, which is a pore-forming toxin (PFT), which is able to permeabilize and lyse invading cells. ![]() Red wigglers are reddish-brown in color, have small rings around their body and have a yellowish tail. In this trait, they resemble Lumbricus rubellus. These worms thrive in rotting vegetation, compost, and manure. Eisenia fetida, known under various common names such as manure worm, redworm, brandling worm, panfish worm, trout worm, tiger worm, red wiggler worm, etc., is a species of earthworm adapted to decaying organic material.
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